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Robert Kyd
Colonel Robert Kyd (1746 – 27 May 1793) was a British army officer stationed in India. He founded the botanical garden at Calcutta in 1787.
==Life and career==
Little is known about the early life of Kyd. He was born at Forfarshire, the son of Thomas, a merchant , and Rachel Eccles. He may have studied medicine at Edinburgh. He joined the Bengal Engineers as an ensign in 1764. He became a lieutenant a year later, a captain on 3 April 1768, major on 29 May 1780, and lieutenant-colonel by 7 December 1782. He was then made a Secretary to the Military Department of Inspection in Bengal and continued in that post until his death.〔
Kyd was interested in horticulture and owned a private garden in Shalimar near Howrah. He proposed the idea of a botanic garden to the then Governor-General Sir John Macpherson, who passed on the idea to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. His idea was that it should help in finding alternate sources of food to prevent famines and to identify plants that might be commercially useful. The plants he mentioned included the sago pal from Malaya and the Persian date. The plan was approved on 31 July 1787 and Kyd was made an honorary superintendent. Kyd had proposed that the botanical garden would help in introduction of economically important plants and help the East India Company ''outstrip our rivals in every valuable production which nature has confined to this part of the globe''. By 1790 Kyd had 4000 plants in the garden and when the botanist Joseph Hooker visited in 1848, he noted that it had ''contributed more useful and ornamental tropical plants to the public and private gardens of the world than any other establishment before or since''.〔
A genus ''Kydia'' (''Kydia calycina'') in the family Malvaceae was named after him by William Roxburgh.〔
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